مقصد: یورپی یونین کی تیاری اور ردعمل میں کردار ادا کرنے والے طریقہ کار کے طور پر گندے پانی کے تجزیہ کو تلاش کرنا

پس منظر: کوویڈ 19 نے یورپ اور عالمی سطح پر ممکنہ ہنگامی حالات کے لئے تیاری کی اہمیت پر توجہ مبذول کرائی ہے۔ بہتر اور جدید نگرانی کے طریقہ کار ممکنہ خطرات کا جواب دینے کے لئے تحقیق پر مبنی اقدامات کے مرکز میں ہیں۔

گندے پانی پر مبنی وبائی امراض (ڈبلیو بی ای) ، جسے گندے پانی کی نگرانی یا گندے پانی کی نگرانی کے نام سے بھی جانا جاتا ہے ، نے 21 ویں صدی کے اوائل میں مختلف ایپلی کیشنز کے ساتھ وبائی امراض کے آلے کے طور پر توجہ حاصل کرنا شروع کی لیکن ماہرین کے نسبتا چھوٹے گروپ کو ہی معلوم...

Summary

The purpose of this report is to examine the current situation, risks and responses to the recreational use of nitrous oxide in Europe. To support this, the report also provides a state-of-the-art review of the chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of the gas. It is intended for policymakers and practitioners.

The report is structured as follows:

• Section 1 provides a summary of the current situation, established risks and responses.
• Section 2 is a technical review of the chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, individual risks and legitimate uses.
• Section 3 provides an overview of...

Background

Novel public health interventions are needed to address the toxic drug supply and meet the needs of people who use drugs amidst the overdose crisis. Safer supply – low-barrier distribution of pharmaceutical grade substances – has been implemented in some jurisdictions to provide safer alternatives to the unregulated drug supply, yet no studies to date have explored professional stakeholder perspectives on this approach.

Methods

We used purposive sampling to recruit professional stakeholders (n = 17) from four locations in British Columbia, Ontario, and Nova Scotia, including...

The EMCDDA and the University Institute of Lisbon (ISCTE-IUL) are delighted to open registration today for two upcoming joint events in 2023: the European Drugs Winter School (EDWS) and the European Drugs Summer School (EDSS) (1)(2).

EDWS: 13–24 February 2023 (online): This year, the theme will be ‘Displaced populations and drug- related issues’, with one full day dedicated to this topic. The two-week course will feature live lunchtime lectures with experts and practitioners, followed by afternoon exercises. Virtual fieldwork tours will also be offered. Completion of exercises and an exam are...

BACKGROUND:

A close relationship between a parent and a child and parental acceptance can mediate the appropriate self-acceptance of an adolescent, which is an important variable related to personality and a pillar of emotional health. In the paper we present the conclusions of a research study about the quality of the attachment towards parents and self-acceptance of adolescents at Czech secondary schools.

AIMS:

The aim of the study was the exploration of the relation between the attachment style and self-acceptance.

SAMPLE:

The research sample consists of 3,239 adolescents aged 15–19 in...

ہنگامی انتظام (سی ایم) ایک نفسیاتی علاج ہے جو آپریٹنگ کنڈیشننگ پر مبنی ہے. اس میں ہدف کے طرز عمل کو حاصل کرنے کے بدلے میں ترغیبات فراہم کرنا شامل ہے جیسے پرہیز یا علاج سے متعلق دیگر متغیرات (جیسے سیشن کی حاضری، ادویات کی پابندی)۔ اس مضمون کا مقصد مادہ کے استعمال اور خاص طور پر تمباکو نوشی کے خاتمے کے لئے سی ایم کے جواز کو متعارف کروانا تھا۔ تجرباتی لٹریچر کا ایک بڑھتا ہوا جسم عام آبادی اور دیگر مشکل علاج والے تمباکو نوشوں (جیسے حاملہ خواتین یا مادہ استعمال کرنے والوں) میں تمباکو نوشی چھوڑنے کے لئے ایک مؤثر علاج کے طور پر سی ایم کی حمایت کرتا ہے۔ اس کے باوجود ، سی ایم کلینیکل ترتیبات میں سب سے...

BACKGROUND:

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) generate an aerosol by vaporising e-liquids that usually consist of propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerine (VG), and other ingredients (water, nicotine, and flavours). The chemical and physical properties of these components have a significant effect on aerosol formation and must be identified in order to improve product attractiveness and assess the degree of health risks.

AIM:

The aim of this article is to provide a description of the composition of the e-liquid base and its impact on the physical properties of the liquid used...

BACKGROUND:

Leisure can be a context that can promote positive adolescent development, but it can also be a context that contributes to adolescents engaging in risk behaviours.

AIMS:

The aim of this study is to determine the extent to which sociodemographic characteristics, the frequency of adolescent participation in structured leisure activities (SLA), and the type of SLA contribute to adolescent alcohol use and to examine the moderating effects of gender, age, and type of SLA on the relationship between the frequency of adolescent participation in SLA and adolescent alcohol use.

METHODS

Canada’s Low-Risk Alcohol Drinking Guidelines were originally published by CCSA in November 2011 and were the result of the work of alcohol research experts in Canada. Since then, substantial new research on the association between alcohol use and physical, mental and social harms has been completed. Many countries have updated their guidance on drinking to reflect these advancements in what is known about the risks and benefits associated with alcohol consumption.

The report is composed of three documents: the Public Summary, the Technical Summary and the Technical Report. 

• The Public...

Background

Appointment no-show and early dropout from treatment represent major challenges in outpatient substance use disorder treatment, adversely affecting clinical outcomes and health care productivity. In this quasi-experimental study, we examined how a brief reminder intervention for new patients before their first appointment affected treatment participation and retention. No-shows (not attending any sessions) and dropouts (discontinuation of initiated treatment because of three consecutively missed appointments) were compared between a period with pre-admission telephone calls...