Children, Adolescents & Youth 

The goal of this study was to evaluate a mediation model of two approaches to deterring the onset of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana among middle school adolescents. Students completed surveys that included yes/no self-reports about their past 30-day and lifetime alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana use.

School suspension in adolescence has been shown to predict homelessness in young adulthood, suggesting that it may be a point of intervention to reduce young adult homelessness. Under zero tolerance policies, school suspension is more...