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CBT / TCC

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Terapia Cognitivo Conductual
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Jose Luis Vazquez Martinez

Un modelo de tratamiento psicoterapéutico en adicciones / A psychotherapy treatment model in addictions

Jose Luis Vazquez Martinez - 29 May 2019

Resumen

Objetivo

Disponer de un modelo de intervención que permita evaluar las necesidades de los pacientes y de su proceso real de cambio, poder decidir qué tipo de técnicas y procedimientos psicoterapéuticos pueden utilizarse en cada caso particular y optar por las líneas de actuación más adecuadas.

Método

Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de los modelos y programas de tratamiento más utilizados en adicciones y se plantea un modelo general de abordaje.

Resultados

Se propone un modelo de tratamiento psicoterapéutico en adicciones que, utilizando como referente el modelo transteorético de cambio de Prochaska y DiClemente, integra las distintas intervenciones y técnicas psicoterapéuticas que pueden ser útiles en el tratamiento de las personas con problemas por consumo de drogas: psicoeducación, motivación, concienciación, manejo del craving, prevención de recaídas y otras técnicas cognitivas y conductuales.

Conclusiones

Los programas de tratamiento que han demostrado ser efectivos en el abuso y la dependencia a drogas se corresponden fundamentalmente con terapias de orientación cognitivo-conductual. Se han validado terapias para la dependencia al alcohol, para la dependencia a la nicotina, para la dependencia a las benzodiacepinas, para la dependencia a la heroína y para la dependencia a la cocaína. Además de la validación de tratamientos efectivos en los trastornos por consumo de sustancias, una de las líneas de investigación sobre psicoterapia en conductas adictivas más prometedoras en los últimos años, ha sido el desarrollo de los modelos de cambio. La integración de terapias validadas en estos modelos puede aumentar la eficiencia de los tratamientos.

Abstract

Objective

The objetive of the authors is being agle to have an intervention model that allows them to evaluate the needs of the patients and of their real change process and, being agle to decide what type of techniques and psychotherapeutical procedures can be used in each particular case, to choose the most appropiate and the most indicated action lines.

Method

A bibliographic review is made on the models and programs of treatment used more frequently in addictions and, a general model of treatment considers.

Results

In the work that is presented below is outlined a psychotherapeutic treatment model in additions that, using as referring the Transteoretic Model of Change of Prochaska and DiClemente, integrates the different interventions and psychotrapeutic techniques that can be used in the treatment of people with drug-related problems: psychoeducation, motivation, conciousness, managing of the craving, relapses prevention and other cognitive and behavioural techniques.

Conclusions

The treatment programs that have demonstrated being effective in the management of abuse and dependence to drugs are fundamentally those with behavioral-cognitive directed therapies. Therapies for the dependency to alcohol, for the dependence to nicotine, for the dependence to benzodiacepines, for the dependence to heroine and for the dependence to cocaine have been validated. In addition to the effective treatments validation in the disorders by substances consumption, one more promising of the investigation lines on psychotherapy in addictive behaviors in the last years, has been the development of the models of change. The integration of validated therapies in these models can increase the efficiency of the treatment.

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