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Abstract The ventral tegmental area (VTA) evaluates salience of environmental stimuli and provides dopaminergic innervation to many brain areas affected by acute and chronic ethanol exposure. While primarily associated with rewarding and reinforcing stimuli, recent evidence indicates a role for the VTA in aversion as well. Ethanol actions in the VTA may trigger neuroadaptation resulting in reduction of the aversive responses to alcohol and a relative increase in the rewarding responses. In searching for effective pharmacotherapies for the treatment of alcohol abuse and alcoholism, recognition of this imbalance may reveal novel strategies. In addition to conventional receptor/ion channel pharmacotherapies, epigenetic factors that control neuroadaptation to chronic ethanol treatment can be targeted as an avenue for development of therapeutic approaches to restore the balance. Furthermore, when exploring therapies to address reward/aversion imbalance in the action of alcohol in the VTA, sex differences have to be taken into account to ensure effective treatment for both men and women. These principles apply to a VTA-centric approach to therapies, but should hold true when thinking about the overall approach in the development of neuroactive drugs to treat alcohol use disorders. Although the functions of the VTA itself are complex, it is a useful model system to evaluate the reward/aversion imbalance that occurs with ethanol exposure and could be used to provide new leads in the efforts to develop novel drugs to treat alcoholism.

OVERVIEW

Fundamentals: Few recent studies have investigated in our half the magnitude and trends of the impact of tobacco in lost productivity. The objective of this study was to describe the proportion of episodes and days in non...

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Drug Abuse among Sports Men and Women in Lagos State, Nigeria

Molobe, Ikenna Daniel

Deputy Director of Programs, Unified Initiative for a Drug Free Nigeria (UIFDFN)

Member, World Federation Against...

Sexual Behaviour and Abuse of Drugs Among Urban Teenagers in Lagos

Molobe Ikenna Daniel 1, 2, 3, 4

1 Unified Initiative for a Drug-Free Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria

2 World Federation Against Drugs (WFAD), Stockholm, Sweden

3 Foundation for...

Hundreds of studies have tested the efficacy or effectiveness of school curriculum-based (CB) substance use prevention programs. Over the years, various researchers have also tested programs that included school curricula, but with the...

Key studies on the contribution of the practitioner to reducing crime and safeguarding the community. Commentary risks formulating a general rule: The trickier the situation, the more the worker matters. Implication is that therapeutic...

This abstract was presented at the 2018 Society for Prevention Research Annual Meeting which was held May 29 – June 1, 2018 in Washington, DC, US.

Emily Haroz

The Johns Hopkins University; Shoshanna Fine, The Johns Hopkins University; Cat...